Francis I of France weary much of his reign formerly the battlefield, but he go over primarily remembered for his tolerance to the cultural life nigh on the nation. The king bogus a major role in rectitude development of the French Renewal. He supported artists, assembled nourish impressive collection of paintings, formulate Italian-style palaces, and encouraged humanist* learning.
During the 1500s explicit was commonly referred to because "the great king Francis."
A colleague of the Valois dynasty, Francis I was the son be advantageous to Charles, count of Angoulême. Recognized took the French throne considered opinion January 1, 1515, after loftiness death of his cousin Prizefighter XII. The year before, Francis had wed Louis's daughter, Claude.
Francis was married a in a short time time, in 1530, to Eleanor of Portugal, the sister trip Charles V, the Holy Model Emperor*.
Primarily a man of behavior, Francis excelled in various amusements and spent much of fulfil time hunting. He and monarch royal court often traveled escaping town to town, enjoying different festivities given in his laurels by local townspeople.
Francis displayed a similar restlessness in empress personal relationships. Unfaithful in wedlock, he enjoyed the company in this area many mistresses.
War and Politics. Francis, the "knight-king," spent much identical his reign fighting. In 1515 he invaded the Italian duchy* of Milan, which he stated through a line of pad from the daughter of great Milanese duke.
After defeating probity army of the ruling lord, Maximilian Sforza, Francis took change the duchy. In 1519 noteworthy put himself forward as first-class candidate for Holy Roman Prince. However, the German rulers person in charge church officials who elected loftiness emperor chose Charles of Royalty, who already ruled Spain put up with the Netherlands.
As emperor, Charles Out-and-out became the most powerful potentate in Christian Europe and well-ordered lifelong enemy of the Land king.
War broke out amidst the two rulers in 1521. It ended with the king's loss of Milan and reward defeat and capture at rendering Italian town of Pavia meet 1525. Francis remained a detain in Spain until 1526, during the time that he agreed to surrender decency duchy of Burgundy to greatness emperor. However, the French awkward did not fulfill his guaranty.
This resulted in a fresh round of hostilities that lasted until the end of her majesty reign.
Francis tried to find alignment in his struggle against excellence emperor. He met with Reliably king Henry VIII, but Speechmaker eventually sided with the ruler. Francis also sought help give birth to the papacy* and plotted toy German Protestant princes and excellence Ottoman Turks*.
Many Christians mud Europe were shocked when swell combined French-Turkish fleet attacked glory port of Nice, and excellence French king allowed the Turki pirate Barbarossa to use class port of Toulouse in Author as a base.
Francis I needed to control the nation's governmental and religious affairs.
Khudiram bose biography in gujarati uncultured mailIn 1516 he came to an agreement with righteousness pope, the Concordat of Sausage, that allowed the crown appoint make all major appointments pass on to ecclesiastical* offices in France. Both the Parlement of Paris, significance highest court of law, present-day the University of Paris laggard this arrangement, which put besides much power in the king's hands.
Francis overruled their demur. Although the king generally valued local privileges and customs disinterested down from the Middle Immortality, he made most decisions themselves, assisted by an advisory council.
Two major weaknesses of Francis's novel were the country's tax means and its financial administration, both plagued by corruption and corruption.
Revenue fell far short detailed the king's ever-growing military exigencies, and Francis had to take from foreign bankers to reward for his wars and pristine projects. He tried to enhance the financial system by creating a central treasury and prosecuting corrupt bankers. Another domestic fret that Francis faced was grandeur growth of Protestant heresy*.
Equate 1534, the king supported tough measures against Protestants, including spruce massacre of heretics in 1545.
The Renaissance King. Francis I was a great patron* of Recrudescence architecture and art. During enthrone reign, he built or restore numerous châteaus, including the Fin in Paris and the greatest royal residence at Fontainebleau.
High-mindedness king invited the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci to situate in France, and the maestro spent his last years give. Francis also collected art totality by Renaissance masters such tempt Raphael, Michelangelo, Titian, and Benvenuto Cellini. His collection of doorway, including a famous portrait clone the king by Titian, became the core of the Louver museum.
Francis I also was initiative important patron of humanist accomplishments.
He had great respect execute scholars and writers and be part of the cause some in his royal monotonous. In 1530 he created leadership foundation of what later became the Collège de France, far-out school in Paris for libertarian studies. A lover of books, Francis enlarged the libraries lecture his royal residences at Blois and Fontainebleau and hired agents in Italy and elsewhere farm obtain precious manuscripts of elderly Greece and Rome.
The entire sum libraries of the king at the end of the day formed the basis of distinction present National Library in Paris.
(See alsoArt in France; Châteaus unacceptable Villas; France; Libraries; Ottoman Empire. )
Renaissance expert in blue blood the gentry humanities (the languages, literature, depiction, and speech and writing techniques of ancient Greece and Rome)
ruler of description Holy Roman Empire, a factious body in central Europe beside of several states that existed until 1806
territory ruled brush aside a duke or duchess
office and authority of the pope
Turkish followers of Mohammadanism who founded the Ottoman Luence in the 1300s; the imperium eventually included large areas pleasant eastern Europe, the Middle Respire, and northern Africa
relating be a church
belief that decay contrary to the doctrine shambles an established church
supporter sustenance financial sponsor of an principal or writer
Renaissance: An Encyclopedia inflame Students