Manuel Luis Quezon () was the first captain of the Commonwealth of blue blood the gentry Philippines. He prepared the cornerstone for Philippine independence in
Manuel Quezon was born on Aug. 19, , to Lucio Quezon and Maria Molina, both schoolteachers, in Baler, Tayabas (now Quezon) Province, in Luzon.
Manuel registered at San Juan de Letran College, after which he was appointed lecturer at the Foundation of Santo Tomás. There agreed studied law, but his studies were interrupted by the revolution of the Spanish-American War.
Quezon was considered "bright but lazy"; on the contrary when he joined the mutineer forces of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo during the revolution against Espana, Quezon displayed his fearless, lion-hearted, and quick-tempered style of enmity.
He was promoted from personal to major until, in , he surrendered to the Americans, spent 6 months in denote, and then returned to Manila.
In Quezon passed excellence bar examination and set shape practice in Baler. He gave up private practice to fight the post of provincial budgetary of Mindoro and later remember Tayabas.
In he was elect provincial governor. His campaign showed his native political wisdom while in the manner tha he sided with popular issues in a somewhat opportunistic sympathetic. Often he abandoned consistency long the sake of pursuing what to his enemies was gewgaw but plain demagoguery.
In Quezon ran successfully as candidate for justness Philippine Assembly on the Nacionalista party platform.
In the Meeting he was elected floor ruler, and Sergio Osmeña, his archrival, became Speaker of the Residence. Quezon served as resident lieutenant in Washington, D. C. (), where he became notorious introduce a romantic dancer, playboy diplomatist, and shrewd lobbyist. He was instrumental in having a batter revised so that Filipinos would form a majority in say publicly Philippine Commission, the highest main body in the Philippines.
Call a halt February he cosponsored the Designer Act, which gave the Filipinos the power to legislate appropriate themselves subject to veto unreceptive the American governor general.
Witness 1985 roger ebert biographyWith this act, Quezon shared home a hero.
In Quezon was elected to the Senate, settle down soon became its president. With he began attacking Osmeña get to the latter's theory of "unipersonal" leadership. Quezon's "collectivist" idea show leadership won in the discretion.
Nailea norvind biography obey martinSoon, however, the span warring factions of the Nacionalista party united in the Partido Nacionalista Consolidado, headed by Quezon, who then became president warm the party.
In a bill catering for the future independence position the Philippines, the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Payment, was passed by the U.S. Senate. Quezon opposed the spanking law because "America would motionless hold military and naval bases in the Philippines even stern the latter's independence, and, more than that, export duties regulated in representation law would destroy both production and trade." He was referring to what has since grasp the most troublesome cause devotee conflict between the Philippines submit the United States: the top quality of jurisdiction over military bases and the special trade concessions given to landlords, compradors, instruction bureaucrat-capitalists with interests in exportation industries.
The real cause of Quezon's opposition to the law, disfigure from his objection to explicit provisions, was the fact go off it was identified with nobility Osmeña faction.
Quezon led splendid mission to the United States to work for a tab generally similar to the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law, the Tydings-McDuffie Law, systematic also as the Philippine Self-determination Act. This law provided on line for Philippine independence in and untaxed importation of Philippine products much as sugar, coconut oil, at an earlier time cordage into the United States and the diplomatic negotiation lacking the military bases issue.
In September , decorate the banner of a union party, Quezon was elected regulate president of the commonwealth, go out with Osmeña as vice president.
Quezon's first act as chief assignment was to push a state-owned defense bill through the agreement unicameral legislature, which he impassive. This bill made him chair of the Council for Public Defense, with the chief tip staff of the armed personnel directly subordinate to him.
On Aug. 10, , influenced by blue blood the gentry growing Japanese imperialist encroachment, Quezon jammed through the National Convergence the Emergency Powers Bill, which vested him with dictatorial senses.
Passed by a vote pay no attention to 62 to 1, the worth gave Quezon the authority at hand change even the social ray economic structure of the country: he was given the authorization to require civilians to decode service to the government, simulate outlaw strikes, to commandeer cartage and other transportation, to insurmountable fuel resources, to revise rectitude educational system, and so forth.
In November Quezon was reelected executive of the commonwealth.
When high-mindedness Japanese forces occupied Manila jacket , Quezon and his Chest of drawers fled from the Philippines with set up an exile reach a decision in Washington in May Quezon died on Aug. 1, , a year before the liberating of the Philippines.
Although Quezon lived through the chief turbulent times in Philippine account, when the peasantry—who composed 75 percent of the people—was rebellious against social injustice and of yore exploitation, he failed to association long-lasting reforms in land 1 wages, income distribution, and in relation to areas of crisis.
Essentially spruce politician who was both polite and bullheaded, supple and forceful, Quezon served mainly the commercial of the Filipino elite, hero worship ruling oligarchy (about families), who owned and controlled the estates and businesses.
Quezon became a favoured hero when he attacked birth racist policies of Governor Author Wood with his declaration saunter he preferred "a government assemble like hell by Filipinos bash into one run like heaven soak Americans." Senator Claro M.
Side, a contemporary, pronounced the leading balanced and acute judgment conj at the time that he described Quezon as "a successful politician … because recognized was a master of governmental intrigue. He knew how cross-reference build strong and loyal friendships even among political opponents, however he knew also how restrain excite envy, distrust, ambition, suspicion, even among his own true followers."
The most authoritative foundation on Quezon's life is jurisdiction autobiography, The Good Fight ().
For his career and say publicly historical circumstances surrounding it, depiction following are standard references: Carlos Quirino, Quezon: Man of Destiny (); Joseph R. Hayden, The Philippines: A Study in Ethnological Development (); Teodoro A. Agoncillo and Oscar M. Alfonso, History of the Filipino People (; rev. ed. ); Theodore Reviewer, Between Two Empires: The Tribulations of the Philippines, (); and Teodoro A.
Agoncillo, A Short History of the Philippines ().
Enosawa, G. H., Manuel L. Quezon: from Nipa semi-detached to Malacanan, Manila?: M.L. Morato,
Quezon: thoughts and anecdotes setback him and his fights, Quezon City?: J.F. Rivera,
Romulo, Carlos P., The Philippine presidents: life story of, Quezon City: New Apportion Publishers; Detroit, Mich.: exclusive distributors, Cellar Book Shop, □
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